Português
Standard of Waterproof Luxury Vinyl Tile
Preface
This standard is prepared and implemented with reference to GB/T4085-2015 Semirigid Polyvinyl Chloride Floor Tiles, GB/T 34440-2017 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Flooring, ISO 10582-2012 Resilient Floor Coverings - Heterogeneous Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Floor Coverings - Specification and ASTMF1700-2010 Standard Specification For Solid Vinyl Floor Tile.
Waterproof Luxury Vinyl Tile
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification and marking, requirements, test methods, inspection and testing, packaging, transportation and storage of waterproof luxury vinyl tiles.
Marking
This standard is applicable to the floor tiles with PVC resin plate as the main raw material and laminated on the surface and used for indoor floor.
2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents are referred and become the clauses of this standard.
GB/T 2828.1-2003/ISO 2859-1: 1999 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Attributes
GB/T4085-2015 Semirigid Polyvinyl Chloride Floor Tiles
GB/T34440-2017 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Flooring
GB/T18102-2007 Laminate Flooring
ISO 10582-2012 Resilient Floor Coverings - Heterogeneous Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Floor Coverings - Specification
ASTM F1700-2010 Standard Specification For Solid Vinyl Floor Tile
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard
3.1 Waterproof luxury vinyl tile
The floor tile is made by laminating together wear-resistant layer or other surfaces made of different materials and PVC substrate.
4 Classification and Marking
4.1.1 Classification by product category:
a) NC;
b) NCP;
c) RLVT;
d) RPC;
e) FFW;
f) WPL;
g) LVT;
4.1.2 Classification according to product structure:
a) Foamed substrate;
b) Solid substrate;
4.2 Product marking
The substrate used in the product is marked according to the product name, for example, the PVC substrate used to produce NC products is marked as NC-PVC.
5 Requirements
5.1 Appearance
The appearance of the plate shall comply with the provisions in Table 1.
Table 1 Appearance Quality Requirements
High-class products | Qualified products | |
Dry and wet print defects | Not allowed | Their total area shall not exceed 3% of the tile surface |
Surface color difference | Slight difference is allowed and the obvious is not allowed. | |
Tile print | The print shall be natural, its lines shall be clear, and wood grain shall be clear and natural. | |
Relief effect | Shall be the same with the reference template | |
PVC color | Brown or black or white-same as template The color observed under a magnifying glass shall be uniform, without impurities and discrepancy between old and new materials | |
Definition deviation | Slight deviation is allowed and the obvious is not allowed. | |
Uneven gloss | Not allowed | Uneven gloss total area shall not exceed 3% of the tile surface |
Plastic effect | Not allowed. The surface shall look natural. | |
Pinhole | Not allowed (pinhole definition: Small holes caused by shrinkage in the drying process of paint film) | |
Paint absence | Not allowed (definition of paint absence: There is no paint film on a certain area) | |
wrinkled skin | Not allowed (wrinkled skin definition: Surface wrinkling caused by shrinkage of paint film) | |
Particle | Not allowed (particle definition: Particulate impurities attached to the paint film surface) | |
Blotch | Not allowed (blotch definition: Defects caused by dust, ink stain and impurities during printing and other processes) | ≤10mm2, only 1 is allowed |
Bright spot | Not allowed | |
Surface crease | Not allowed | |
Layer separating | Not allowed (layer separating definition: Separation of substrate itself, covering layer itself or separation between covering layer and substrate.) | |
Surface scratches | Not allowed | |
Surface indentation | ||
Swell | ||
Paper scraps, impurities, bug and dust | ||
Paper tearing; local paper absence | ||
Surface cracking | ||
Angle defect | ||
Imprint, bright line | They shall be invisible at a distance of 1.5 meters Normal light is under normal light condition | |
Edge chipping | Its area shall be ≤lmm2, length ≤lmm, width ≤1mm and one tile in every 10 tiles is allowed to have edge chipping | |
Bubbles in male tenon and female groove | If the substrate structure is soft due to foaming of the substrate, it is not allowed | |
A short side tenon is too long | The decision shall be made according to the supporting drawings | |
Defects of male tenon and female groove | For long side, if the defect is ≤15mm, and the no. of defects is ≤2 per side, they are allowed; for short side, if the defect is ≤ 15mm, and the no. of defects ≤ 1 per side, it is allowed. | |
Same pattern | For short tile < 1.5m: There shall be at least three different patterns in each case. For long tile > 1.5m: There shall be at least two different patterns in each case. | |
Back code | It shall be clearly visible with accurate information | |
Back | It shall be clean and smooth; any chamfer has no edge chipping and no shedding | |
Cork/foam | Visual effects: It shall be the same with the reference sample, without any glue failure, no edge damage; any chamfer shall be smooth without glue stain. | |
Impurities and dust on the back | Not allowed | |
5.2 Dimensional deviation
Dimensional deviation shall comply with the provisions in Table 2.
Table 2 Dimensional Deviation Provisions
Net length deviation of surface layer | The absolute value of that the difference ∆L between ln and each measure value lm shall be ≤0.20mm |
Net width deviation of surface layer | The absolute value of the difference between nominal width Wn and average width Wa shall be ≤ 0.10mm. The difference between the maximum width Wmax and the minimum width Wmin should be ≤ 0.15mm. |
Thickness deviation | Overall thickness: +0.13mm, -0.10mm Thickness of wear-resistant layer: ±0.03mm Thickness of substrate: ±0.10mm Back layer thickness: ±0.30mm |
Squareness | Qmax≤0.15mm |
Edge straightness | Smax≤0.20mm/m |
Warpage | In width direction: Convex warpage fw1≤0.15%/ concave warpage fw2≤0.15% In length direction: Convex warpage fl1≤0.50%/ concave warpage fl2≤0.25％% |
Assembly seam | Average Oa≤0.10mm maximum Omax≤0.15mm Check the assembly seam between different tiles in the same batch with assembly metal modules. |
Assembly height difference | Average value: ha≤0.10mm maximum value: hmax<0.15mm Check the height difference between different tile in the same batch with assembly metal module. |
assembly joint | According to the projector and drawings, the projection error shall be < ±0.10mm. The assembly shall be checked with metal modules. |
Chamfer width | Refer to the enterprise standard WI-QA4-034 BS4 Chamfer Size Standard |
5.3 Physical properties
Physical properties shall meet the requirements of Table 3.
Table 3 Physical Properties Requirements
Inspection Items | Test Method | Unit | Standard | |
Wood powder | / | 0% | PVC additive materials should not contain wood powder | |
Density | EN436 | Kg/m3 | PVC substrate | 850-2100 |
Finished product | 1100-2100 | |||
Static bending strength | GB 17657 | Mpa | Average ≥15 | |
Elastic modulus | GB 17657 | Mpa | Average ≥ 4000 | |
Shrinkage 5℃*6h | ISO 23999 | % | Average length: ≤0.10% ; Average width: ≤0.10%; | |
Warpage: <0.5mm | ||||
Expansion at 45℃*6h (1200*150mm) | % | Average length: ≤ 0.10%; average width: ≤ 0.10%; | ||
Warpage: <0.5mm | ||||
Shrinkage 80℃*6h (200*150mm) | % | Average length: ≤ 0.25% ; Average width: ≤0.25%; | ||
Warpage: ≤2.0mm | ||||
Surface resistance to cold and heat cycling 60℃*2h-0℃*2h | GB 17657 | % | No cracking or bubbling Width ≤0.2%, length ≤ 0.5%, deformation: <2mm | |
Joint tension | ISO 24334 | N/50mm | ≥120 | |
peel strength | EN 431 | N/50mm | ≥70 | |
Surface scratch resistance | ISO 1518 | g | ≥3000g | |
Surface wear resistance | ASTM D4060 | Circle | ≤0.015g/1000r (CS-17) | |
shock resistance | EN 13329 | Big ball | ≥IC2 | ≥1600mm |
Small ball | ≥20N | |||
Climate test | / | 10°C -45°C | Gap ≤0.2mm, tile ≤ 0.2%, length ≤0.05% without floating effect | |
35°C-5°C | ||||
gloss | / | 60 ° gloss meter | According to product PC | |
Paint film/gloss | / | For definition deviation, the following is not allowed: obviously deviation | Under natural luminosity or fluorescent lamp, obliquely visually inspect the product at a distance of 160cm from the product with naked eyes, the product surface should be looked coated smoothly. Uniform gloss, no obvious stripes, completely solidified surface, no sticky and wet feeling when touched by hand. Gloss shall be that of customer reference sample ± 2 ° | |
5.4 Hygienic property
Hygienic property of products shall meet the requirements of Table 4.
Table 4 Hygienic Property of Products
Items | Chemical name | Limit | Testing standard | ||
Heavy metal* | Barium | Ba | ≤1000PPM | DIN EN71-3 | |
Plumbum | Pb | ≤160PpM | |||
Cadmium | Cd | ≤100PPM | |||
Stibium | Sb | ≤100PPM | |||
Selenium | Se | ≤100PPM | |||
Mercury | Hg | ≤100PM | |||
Arsenic | As | ≤100PPM | |||
Chromium | Cr | ≤100PPM | |||
ROHS/REACH | Polybrominated Biphenyls(PBBs) | ≤1000PPM | ROHS/REACH | ||
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers(PBDEs) | ≤1000PpM | ||||
PAHs | ≤lmg/kg | ||||
Phthalates
| DEHP | 117-81-7 | ≤1000PPM | ROHS/REACH | |
DBP | 84-74-2 | ||||
BBP | 85-68-7 | ||||
DINP | 28553-12-0 | ||||
DIDP | 26761-40-0 | ||||
DNOP | 17-84-0 | ||||
Floorscore | VOC | A+ | ISO 16000 | ||
Formaldehyde | ≤9ug/m3 | ISO 16000 | |||
6 Test method
6.1 Test conditions
Before the test, the specimen must stand for at least 24h under the standard conditions of temperature 23℃ ±2℃ and relative humidity 50% ±5%, and be tested under this condition.
6.2 Measuring instruments
6.2.1 Steel tape measure with a length of 3m and a division value of 1.0mm.
6.2.2 Steel plate ruler with division value of 0.5 mm.
6.2.3 Micrometer with division value of 0.01 mm.
6.2.4 Vernier caliper with division value of 0.02 mm.
6.2.5 Feeler gauge with division value of 0.02 mm.
6.3 Specimen preparation
The size and quantity of test pieces shall comply with the provisions in Table 5.
Table 5 Size and Quantity of Test Pieces
Test items | Size /mm | Quantity / piece |
Appearance and size | Intact product | 5 |
Assembling effect | Intact product | 10 |
Density | 100*100 | 3 |
Elastic modulus | Length (20* thickness +50)* width 50 | 3 for transverse test and 3 for longitudinal test |
Static bending strength | Length (20* thickness +50)* width 50 | 3 for transverse test and 3 for longitudinal test |
Shrinkage 5℃*6h | 500*150 | 3 |
Expansion at 45℃*6h | 1200*150 | 3 |
Shrinkage 80℃*6h | 200*150 | 3 |
Cold and hot cycle | 150*100 | 3 |
Sun resistance | Intact product | 6 |
Joint tension | 150*50 | 1 for male tenon and 1 for female groove |
Joint pressure | 400*100 | 1 for male tenon and 1 for female groove |
peel strength | 100*50 | 3 |
Surface scratch resistance | 100*50 | 1 |
Wear resistance | 50*50 | 1 |
Residual indentation | 50*50 | 1 |
Shock resistance | 180*180 | 5 |
Climate test | Intact product | 3 |
Gloss | Intact product | 2 |
6.3 Appearance
Under scattered sunlight or fluorescent lamp, the illuminance is (100±20) lx, and the distance from the specimen is 100cm. Visually inspect the appearance obliquely, and record the existence of various defects stipulated in Table 1.
6.4 Dimensional deviation
6.4.1 Length measurement method
It refers to the net length of the floor tile surface layer. The distance between the two short sides shall be measured at 20mm from the long side of the floor tile with suitable calipers or other tools.
Fig. 1 Length (L) Measurement Diagram
6.4.2 Width measurement method
It refers to the net width of the floor tile surface layer. The distance between the two long sides shall be measured at 20mm from the short side of the floor tile and central axis with suitable calipers or other tools.
Fig. 2 Width (W) Measurement Diagram
6.4.3 Thickness measurement method
The thicknesses shall be measured with calipers at the four tile corners 20mm away from each side and at the middle point of each long side 20mm away from of the side.
Fig. 3 Thickness (t) Measurement Diagram
6.4.4 Squareness measurement method
Put one side of a square ruler close to a long side of the floor tile, measure the maximum distance between the other side of the square ruler and the end of the tile side end with a feeler gauge.
Fig. 4 Squareness (q) Measurement Diagram
6.4.5 Edge straightness
Along the length direction of the floor tile, use a 1M long steel ruler to abut against the two adjacent corners of the tile, and use a feeler gauge to measure the maximum chord height between the side and the straight steel ruler.
Fig. 5 Measurement Diagram of Edge Straightness (s)
6.4.6 Warpage in width direction
Place the concave surface of the tile upward on the horizontal table top, use a steel ruler to abut against the two long sides of the tile, and measure the maximum chord height with a feeler gauge. The ratio of the maximum chord height to the measured width is the warpage in the width direction, expressed in percentage. The ruler measuring position can be any corresponding part of the long side.
Fig. 6 Width Warpage (fw) Measurement Diagram
6.4.7 Warpage in the longitudinal direction
Place the tile long side vertically on the horizontal platform, abut both ends of the side to the steel ruler, and measure the maximum chord height with a feeler gauge. The ratio of the maximum chord height to the measured length is the warpage in the length direction, expressed in percentage. The ruler measuring position can be any corresponding part of the short side.
Fig. 7 Measurement Diagram of Warpage (fl) in Length Direction
6.4.8 Assembly gap and height difference
Assemble the floor tiles tightly as shown in the figure below and place them on a horizontal platform. Measure the gap and height difference at the assembly joint with a feeler gauge. Take the average value and the maximum value.
Fig. 8 Measurement Diagram of Assembly Open Seam（O） and Height Difference (h)
6.4.9 Assembly and disassembly strength
Assembling: If they can be assembled easily by pressing them with one finger, the assembly is unacceptable, because it is too loose; if they can be assembled by taping the short side with a rubber hammer, and with a crisp sound, it is acceptable.
Disassembly: When you lift the short side of male tenon with your hand, and gently slap the joint with one hand, if it can be separated, it is unacceptable because it is too loose; when you lift the short side of male tenon with your hand, and hit the joint hardly on the tile back, if the joint does not separate, and the tile can be disassembled by sliding along the width direction, and the joint is qualified.
6.4.10 Assembly gloss
In order to avoid the difference of gloss after assembly, check the gloss of products before assembling. If there are obvious differences in visual inspection, it is necessary to pick them out. After assembling, visually check whether there are different gloss of products in bright light. Obvious difference is not allowed.
6.4.11 Limit of hazardous substances
Refer to the test methods listed in Table 4.
7 Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection classification
Inspection is divided into two categories: client-required inspection and client-not-required inspection.
7.1.1 Client required inspection: Complete inspection according to client's requirements before shipment.
7.1.2 Client does not require inspection: Complete specified sampling during product packaging.
7.2 Inspection Rules
7.2.1 Inspection scope:
a. Appearance quality inspection;
b. Specifications and dimensions inspection;
c. Physical and chemical property test.
7.2.2 Batch rules
The products produced in the same shift, in the same specification and the same type shall belong to one batch.
7.3 Sampling inspection method and criteria
7.3.1 General
For the product quality inspection of tiles, samples shall be taken from the same batch of products according to the regulations, and the samples shall be inspected one by one, and the samples shall be counted one by one.
7.3.2 Specifications and dimensions inspection
7.3.2.1 For thickness deviation, surface layer net length deviation, surface layer net width deviation, squareness, edge straightness and warpage, adopt the normal inspection of double sampling inspection plans stipulated in GB/T 2828.1— 2003; the inspection level is I, and the acceptance quality limit is AQL=6.5, as shown in Table 6. Test the sample n1 according to the specifications and dimensions inspection method. The products will be accepted when unqualified products d1≤Ac1, and rejected when d1≥Re1; if Ac1≤d1≤Re1, sample n2 shall be inspected; the products will be accepted when d1+d2≤Ac2 of the unqualified products in the n1 and n2 samples and if d1+d2≥Re2, rejected.
Table 6 Sampling Plan for Specifications and Dimensions. The no. is the tile no.:
Batch no. range | Sample size | First decision numbers | Second decision numbers | |||
n1= n2 | ∑n | Accept Ac1 | Reject Re1 | Accept AC2 | Reject Re2 | |
0-500 | 8 | 16 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
501-1200 | 13 | 26 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
1201-1900 | 20 | 40 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
1901-2600 | 29 | 58 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
2601-3000 | 40 | 80 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 7 |
>3000 | 40 | 80 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 7 |
7.3.2.2 the number of samples for the inspection of assembly seam separation and assembly height difference is ten. The ten samples shall be randomly selected from the same batch of products for specifications and sizes inspection. The single sampling inspection plan is adopted. When the inspection results meet the requirements of Table 2, they are accepted, otherwise they are rejected.
7.3.3 Appearance quality inspection
7.3.3.1 The appearance quality inspection adopts the secondary sampling scheme of normal inspection in GB/T2828.1—2003, with the inspection level of H and the acceptance quality limit AQL=4.0, as shown in Table 7. Samples n1 are inspected according to the finished product inspection regulations. The products will be accepted when unqualified products d1≤Ac1, and rejected when d1≥Re1; if Ac1≤d1≤Re1, sample n2 shall be inspected; the products will be accepted when d1+d2≤Ac2 of the unqualified products in the n1 and n2 samples and if d1+d2≥Re2, rejected.
Table 7 Sampling Plan for Appearance Quality. The no. is the tile no.:
Batch no. range | Sample size | First decision numbers | Second decision numbers | |||
ni= n2 | ∑n | Accept Ac1 | Reject Re1 | Accept AC2 | Reject Re2 | |
0-600 | 16 | 32 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
601-1200 | 32 | 64 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
1201-1800 | 50 | 100 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 10 |
1801-2400 | 68 | 136 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 12 |
2401-3000 | 80 | 160 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 14 |
3001-6000 | 160 | 320 | 9 | 15 | 25 | 26 |
6001-12000 | 320 | 640 | 19 | 30 | 50 | 51 |
7.3.4 Physical and chemical property test
7.3.4.1 During the tile environment adapting or tongue-and-groove process, QC on duty shall provide samples to the laboratory for testing according to the order number. The number of tests is shown in Table 8. Any three tiles shall be a group. If a certain index fails in the initial inspection, it is allowed to conduct re-inspection, where double samples shall be taken from the batch of products. After re-inspection, if all the unqualified items in the initial inspection are qualified and judged to be qualified; if one item is unqualified again, the products will be judged as unqualified
7.3.4.2. See Table 8 for criteria.
Table 8 Sampling Plan for Physical and Chemical Properties. The no. is the tile no.:
Finished product quantity of inspected batch | Initial sampling no. | Re-inspection sampling no. |
<1000 | 3 | 6 |
>1001 | 6 | 12 |
Note: If the sample size is small and the sampling no. according to the above plan cannot meet the test requirements, the number of samples can be appropriately increased. | ||
7.4 Judgment
When all the physical and chemical property test results of tile samples meet the corresponding grade requirements, the physical and chemical property of this batch will be judged as qualified, otherwise, this batch will be judged as unqualified.
7.5 Comprehensive judgment
When the inspection results of product appearance quality, specification size and physical and chemical properties all meet the corresponding grade requirements, the batch of products shall be judged as qualified, otherwise, the batch of products shall be judged as unqualified.
7.5.1 Requirements of inspection report
The inspection report shall include
a) all the details of the grade, inspection standard, inspection category and inspection items of the products to be inspected;
b) inspection results and conclusions
c) all kinds of abnormal situations in the inspection process and problems that need to be explained.
8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
8.1 Product marking
Before the products are put into storage, the manufacturer's name, product name, product model, trademark, production date, product category, grade, specification, etc. shall be marked on the appropriate parts of the products.
8.2 .2 Packaging label
The packaging label shall contain the manufacturer's name, address, date of manufacture, product name, specification, production grade, quantity and other information.
8.2 Packaging
Products shall be packed separately according to product category, specification and grade before leaving the factory. Detailed installation and operation instructions should provide according to the characteristics of the products. Packaging should ensure that products are free from bumping, scratching and stains. Packaging requirements can also be determined by negotiation between supplier and demander.
8.3 Transportation and storage
During transportation and storage, the products shall be stacked smoothly to prevent stains, and shall not be affected with damp, rain or sun exposure.
When storing, they should be stacked separately according to category, specification and grade, and each pile should be marked accordingly.
